Couverture / Jaquette

There are good reasons to believe that nonstandard analysis, in some ver­ sion or other, will be the analysis of the future. KURT GODEL This book is a compilation and development of lecture notes written for a course on nonstandard analysis that I have now taught several times. Students taking the course have typically received previous introductions to standard real analysis and abstract algebra, but few have studied formal logic. Most of the notes have been used several times in class and revised in the light of that experience. The earlier chapters could be used as the basis of a course at the upper undergraduate level, but the work as a whole, including the later applications, may be more suited to a beginning graduate course. This prefacedescribes my motivationsand objectives in writingthe book. For the most part, these remarks are addressed to the potential instructor. Mathematical understanding develops by a mysterious interplay between intuitive insight and symbolic manipulation. Nonstandard analysis requires an enhanced sensitivity to the particular symbolic form that is used to ex­ press our intuitions, and so the subject poses some unique and challenging pedagogical issues. The most fundamental ofthese is how to turn the trans­ fer principle into a working tool of mathematical practice. I have found it vi Preface unproductive to try to give a proof of this principle by introducing the formal Tarskian semantics for first-order languages and working through the proofofLos's theorem.

Fonctionnalité

This is an introduction to nonstandard analysis based on a course of lectures given several times by the author. It is suitable for use as a text at the beginning graduate or upper undergraduate level, or for self-study by anyone familiar with elementary real analysis. It presents nonstandard analysis not just as a theory about infinitely small and large numbers, but as a radically different way of viewing many standard mathematical concepts and constructions; a source of new ideas, objects and proofs; and a wellspring of powerful new principles of reasoning (transfer, overflow, saturation, enlargement, hyperfinite approximation etc.).

Table des matières

I Foundations.- 1 What Are the Hyperreals?.- 2 Large Sets.- 3 Ultrapower Construction of the Hyperreals.- 4 The Transfer Principle.- 5 Hyperreals Great and Small.- II Basic Analysis.- 6 Convergence of Sequences and Series.- 7 Continuous Functions.- 8 Differentiation.- 9 The Riemann Integral.- 10 Topology of the Reals.- III Internal and External Entities.- 11 Internal and External Sets.- 12 Internal Functions and Hyperfinite Sets.- IV Nonstandard Frameworks.- 13 Universes and Frameworks.- 14 The Existence of Nonstandard Entities.- 15 Permanence, Comprehensiveness, Saturation.- V Applications.- 16 Loeb Measure.- 17 Ramsey Theory.- 18 Completion by Enlargement.- 19 Hyperfinite Approximation.- 20 Books on Nonstandard Analysis.

Détails